These are the tariffs that dreams are made of

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Today's Points:

Liberation From Tariffs

China and the US have agreed a three-month truce in their trade conflict, and the effect on financial markets has been galvanizing. You can read up on the cut in US tariffs to 30% from 145% here and here. For the longer term, neither side appears to have made any concessions. This is an agreement to pause and talk. But investors, who were blindsided by last month's swift descent into all-out trade war, rejoiced. 

The impact on stocks, which gained more than 3%, capped an extraordinary 22-day surge. The gain since April 9, when President Donald Trump announced a similar 90-day pause for countries other than China, now ranks with the biggest such rallies since 1990:

Traders assumed that tariffs at an extreme 145%, which were in effect on China for the last five weeks, would almost guarantee a US recession. For bettors on the Polymarket prediction market, a downturn this year is now less likely now than it was on April 1:

The market leadership of the biggest tech stocks, punished in the tariff selloff, has returned. Bloomberg's index of the Magnificent Seven companies is back above its 200-day moving average both in absolute terms and relative to other US stocks:

Does this mean that the whole incident passes the Bobby Ewing test? For the uninitiated, this is named for an entire season of the Dallas soap opera which took place after Bobby had died, only for it to emerge at the beginning of the next season that he was still alive; his death and the entire season had been a dream in his wife's mind and could be forgotten. Despite the market's remarkable round trip, however, it's doubtful that this episode can be dismissed as though it hadn't happened. 

Stocks have rebounded, and they've even outpaced bonds since April 2, while the VIX measure of market volatility is lower than it was then. But gold has held on to most of its advance, oil is down, and non-US stocks are still outpacing the S&P:

The easing fear of recession makes rate cuts from the Federal Reserve less likely than they were. Fed funds futures were braced for steep cuts on April 8, the day before the 90-day reprieve on tariffs for the world outside China. That's over. No big new tariffs means no big new reason for the Fed to cut:

Another issue is that Treasury 10-year yields are rising, as they have since the market hit bottom during Covid. The 10-year yield trended down for more than three decades before the pandemic, but over the last five years it has established a new trend:

The concerns that animated the world before April 2 have not gone away, and the pressure from the bond market to limit fiscal largesse is intensifying (at least in part because erratic policymaking makes investors more reluctant to buy). Two crucial elements of the Trump Trade — that yields would come down, and that US stocks would continue their long outperformance of the rest of the world — are still lacking.

For now, the judgment remains intact that at the margin, there's reason to transfer assets out of the US, even if the tariff climbdown has quashed talk of the fall of the dollar or the collapse of the American empire. 

Battle of the Narratives

To explain, it's best to turn to an early candidate for the title of cruelest financial chart of the year, produced by Dario Perkins of TS Lombard. It compares the cumulative S&P 500 performance on days when either Peter Navarro (trade adviser) or Howard Lutnick (commerce secretary) are leading the headlines, compared with days when Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent gets more coverage. Sorry, Peter and Howard, the market doesn't seem to like you:

Source: Dario Perkins, TSLombard

Other measures confirm this picture. A Bloomberg News Trends search, counting all stories from all sources that appear on the terminal, shows Bessent with generally more coverage than Navarro. The selloff was at its worst after Liberation Day, when Navarro did the rounds of the television studios:

In US Google searches, rather than stories aimed at the terminal's financial audience, Navarro has hogged attention this year — but Bessent has recently overhauled him:

It looks like Bessent has won an internal conflict, so he's the one briefing the press. Bessenomics is popular with the market, and Navarronomics is not. Bessent is synonymous in market minds with a more transactional take on traditional Republican economics (i.e. that Trump has just been negotiating), while Navarro represents a total reordering of global trade. Optimism that Trump 2.0 would follow Bessent's agenda (fiscal discipline, lower oil prices, lower bond yields and deregulation) and ignore Navarro-inspired tariffs (or a crackdown on migration, which Wall Street fears would force up inflation) drove the post-election rally. With Republicans now getting to grips with the budget and taxes, the agenda that Wall Street expected at the turn of the year is finally falling into place. 

That at least is the narrative for the moment. Traders can get back to worrying about taxes and spending. But Liberation Day will still make the data hard to read for a while…

Inflation in Transit

Investors have never believed the Federal Reserve's suggestion that tariff-induced inflation might be transitory. With wounds still open after that tag was applied to post-pandemic inflation, that's not surprising. However, ahead of Tuesday's consumer price index print, the drama of the trade turnarounds with the UK and China gives fresh life to the notion that the likely surge in the months ahead will be temporary. This time, the Fed might be right after all.

So far, inflation expectations have trended higher while actual readings stayed under control, reflecting heightened pessimism over Washington's tariff shenanigans. Still, Bloomberg Economics expects April's release to reveal a modest price surge:

Inflation has not returned to pre-pandemic lows, but progress has been steady. And it's customary for consumers to brace for it — especially after they were vindicated by the spike of 2022. If April's modest rise comes through on cue, it will likely be taken as support for the transitory inflation theory. How does this play out? Anwiti Bahuguna, Northern Trust's chief investment officer of global asset allocation projects, predicts that tariffs will cause shortages that lead to inflation:

Very quickly, that inflation kills demand and leads to growth concerns coming up. In other words, earnings are downgraded, unemployment numbers start going up. And when that happens, that very quickly turns into a deflationary environment. So it starts with inflation and ends up in deflation, and that's the most modal probability we have now.

Bloomberg Economics' Anna Wong argues that the costs of tariffs are being borne so far mostly by the US. There are two plausible causes. Firstly, demand is slowing down. That is expected to show up in Thursday's retail sales data. Second, she says that retailers are finding it difficult to pass on higher prices without suffering a sharp drop in demand. They will doubtless still try, but "if that effect prevails, then the net impact of tariffs will be less inflationary than commonly thought." The worry instead would be of shortages and empty shelves, although the tariff pauses mean that they should also be transitory.

Add to this the possibility of big and beautiful tax cuts. Essential to the initial enthusiasm for Trump 2.0, tax is at last firmly on the agenda as the House publishes its plans.

Key House committees consider tax legislation this week. Photographer: Aaron Schwartz/Bloomberg

Mizuho's Steven Ricchiuto argues this should be enough fiscal stimulus for an economic turnaround. He estimates the net effect of the Trump tariff-related supply-side shock will be to depress economic activity over the first two quarters, while raising inflation. Growth could come in as low as 0.5% to 0.7% this year — but at least that would be transitory:

Looking at 2026, our credit-informed macro model suggests the economy will return to its post-Covid, above-trend trajectory as prices adjust to the new tariffs and the benefits of the Trump tax cut 2.0 kick in, while wages benefit from a still-tight labor market. What is lost in real GDP in 2025 will simply be added to our inflation forecast for the year.  Specifically, the personal consumption expenditure deflator is expected to rise by 3.4% to 3.6% this year, which is up from 2.5% in 2024. 

Even with stocks at pre-Liberation Day levels, recession risks haven't gone away, and Northern Trust puts the odds as high as 60% on a mild downturn. A decent starting position for household and business activity should limit any ensuing downturn. A rapid easing of financial conditions is also helpful, and SMBC Nikko Securities' Joe Lavorgna, an official in the first Trump administration, argues that the Fed should be able to lower interest rates if inflation eases on the back of substantially lower oil prices:

But the biggest problem is to navigate what could be a series of false, or transitory, signals from the data. The most recent numbers were colored by importers bringing forward purchases to beat tariffs. Ahead, there will be a month or two that reflects shortages caused by the sharp decline in transpacific trade last month. Ample room for confusion ahead.

Richard Abbey

Survival Tips

I counted five emails in my inbox this morning making the same analogy: Everything since Liberation Day seemed to have just been a dream. On which note, songs that come to mind include All I Have to Do Is Dream by the Everly Brothers, These Are the Things That Dreams Are Made Of by the Human League, Sweet Dream by Beyonce, Dreaming by Blondie, Dreaming (a different song) by OMD, I Have a Dream by Abba, New Gold Dream by Simple Minds, Don't Dream It's Over by Crowded House, Wildest Dreams by Taylor Swift, Daydream Believer by The Monkees, I Can Dream About You by Dan Hartman, The Dream by The Cure, Bad Dream by Keane, #9 Dream by John Lennon, I'm Only Sleeping by The Beatles,  REM's Losing My Religion (and their cover of Dream), Dreamer by Supertramp and Enter Sandman by Metallica. There must be more?

More Charts on the Terminal from Points of Return: CHRT AUTHERS

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