Hindsight Capital’s special first-half report

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Today's Points:

Hindsight Capital: Politics Edition

Halfway through an extraordinarily eventful year, let's pay an early visit to the offices of Hindsight Capital, my imaginary hedge fund that places big macro bets at the start of the year, with the benefit of knowing what will occur. There was money to be made from politics so far, but not in the way that might have been expected. 

Compare European defense manufacturers, represented by the STOXX-500 Aerospace and Defense index. Candidate Donald Trump had made it clear that he expected the other members of NATO to pay more toward their defense. Judging by the way this index performed, however, investors weren't ready for the sheer drama of what unfolded, particularly after Vice President JD Vance's speech to the Munich security conference in February convinced many European politicians that they'd have to plan on the US ceasing to be an ally. The index is up 47.3% for the year in euro terms. 

Candidate Trump also made no bones about his intention to go through with raising tariffs on the rest of the world — an action that any basic economic model showed would strengthen the dollar. In the event, President Trump has attempted far more aggressive tariffs than billed in advance, an unpleasant shock after his bite proved not as bad as his bark during the first term. And the effect was to weaken the currency. So in dollar terms, European defense manufacturers were up 68%.

Hindsight Capital is a hedge fund, so it likes pairing long and short bets. Trump wanted to bring back manufacturing jobs. No industry was more important than cars, after decades in which Detroit steadily lost ground to rivals from Japan, Germany and elsewhere. The purpose of tariffs was to boost US automakers. Yet the S&P 1500 automakers index is down 23% so far this year. 

Put these together, and a Long European Defense/Short US Autos trade made a profit of 117% in six months.

This could be amplified using individual stocks. US automaking is dominated by Tesla Inc. As Trump took office, CEO Elon Musk appeared to be operating as a virtual co-president. His company's stock had surged after the election in anticipation of the impact that his new political power could have on its fortunes. 

It had an impact, but not in the way expected. Musk's behavior made him hugely unpopular outside (and within) the US, and trashed the Tesla brand. In June, he and Trump fell out, and the stock sold off. The risk has grown that the president would now exact revenge by removing subsidies to Musk's companies. 

Meanwhile, Rheinmetall AG, Europe's biggest arms manufacturer, swiftly showed that it was uniquely well-positioned to take advantage of massive extra military spending. Popular anger with the US administration meant Germany would have to buy local if possible — which meant a huge rally for the Düsseldorf-based firm. The weak dollar helped too. 

This is how the trade worked when put together:

One more trade to savor. Trump arrived on a frank agenda to "drill, baby drill" and intent on pushing back against the vogue for clean or alternative energy. Many in his coalition regard the entire notion of climate change as a hoax. 

So naturally, one of the best trades of the last six months involved the S&P 1500 oil & gas drilling index, and the S&P global clean energy index. What is surprising, however, is that the latter has gained while the former has tanked. 

Putting them together, a bet on clean energy and against the most speculative end of the fossil fuels industry would have made you 60% in six months:

Politics matter. It behooves investors to take account of them. But by the beginning of this year, likely Trump policies were already reflected in prices. There's always room for surprise once policies take effect, from the galvanizing effect Vance had on Germany to the fallout between Trump and Musk. Even when the direction is clear (and Trump has done more or less exactly what he said he would), the way it will impact markets is not. Bear that in mind when managing risk.  

Data Dependency: Take Your Pick

The glut of information for Independence Day week has started with some contradictory data. Positive and negative narratives remain intact. 

The strong numbers came from the JOLTS (Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey), which showed that vacancies had risen to their highest since last November. They're far higher than they were before the pandemic. This is great news for those seeking work, and for the prospects for economic growth — and not so great for central bankers hoping to avoid sharp wage inflation:

Meanwhile, the Institute of Supply Managers' survey of manufacturing came in with a headline of 48.0, marginally ahead of expectations but still suggesting the sector was contracting. The details, however, were not great at all. Manufacturers are complaining of rising prices, while also reporting that employment is dropping:

It's very unusual for prices to be rising while employment is in contraction, and it's hard to see this as healthy. A more qualitative look at ISM's report found that manufacturers were preoccupied by tariffs. Comments included:

  • "The tariff mess has utterly stopped sales globally and domestically. Everyone is on pause. Orders have collapsed." 
  • "The erratic trade policy with on-again/off-again tariffs has led to price uncertainty for customers, who appear to be prepared to hold off large capital purchases until stability returns. This has resulted in further reductions in customer demand and softening sales for the balance of 2025. Operations has planned additional weeks of downtime at multiple plants to accommodate reduced orders. Next year's forecast is not any better at this point."
  • "Tariffs continue to cause confusion and uncertainty for long-term procurement decisions. The situation remains too volatile to firmly put such plans into place." 

Investors are confident ahead of next week's tariff pause deadline. People with companies to manage don't feel the same. Even though these are exactly the people the tariffs are supposed to help. Maybe there'll be a little more clarity in time for the fireworks.

Navigation Strategies

Confusing data and political uncertainty notwithstanding, the S&P 500's record has allowed the "end of US exceptionalism" narrative to take a break. But US stocks remain much more expensive, and global investors are still heavily overweight. With political risks souring US attractiveness, that will need to be addressed. Meanwhile, with indexes of equity volatility back down to normal, investors don't stand to be compensated for enduring the next bout of market ructions:

Bloomberg's index of trade policy uncertainty, derived from the number of press reports, makes clear that tariffs have already driven one hefty dose of volatility:

The weakening dollar, which Points of Return highlighted here, compounds the problem posed by the domination of US assets in many portfolios. Goldman Sachs' Christian Mueller-Glissmann argues that the problem predates even Liberation Day (April 2), with the US peaking relative to the rest of the world at the turn of the year. Mueller-Glissmann argues that dollar weakness intensifies the need to rethink US asset dominance, which has also been driven by geopolitical risks. The answer, he suggests, is to focus on relatively low-volatility stocks, "which is like a defensive strategy":

It can be a very good way to moderate risk while staying invested, and essentially also free up risk budget to maybe own some of these more convex but more volatile parts of the market like tech and the Magnificent Seven. So, to some extent, the opportunity, if you want to sum it up in one word, is again diversification in the second half.

In general, as the name implies, low-volatility stocks provide a smoother ride, and outperform when volatility is spiking. Generally, over the last decade, they have underperformed. Invesco's exchange-traded fund (ticker: SPLV) that tracks the S&P 500 Low-Volatility index has surged during times of high tension, but mostly dragged:

The more fractious and divided world makes life that much harder, particularly as it can be difficult to track the specific exposure of multinational companies. Westwood Group's Drew Miyawaki points out that this has turned into concrete policy moves such as the bipartisan No China in Index Funds Act. Geopolitical risk isn't theoretical — but rather an isolated, independent factor requiring treatment like any other in portfolios. It also requires subtle analysis:

The example we use to illustrate this is McDonald's, a blue-chip US company that operated over 800 franchises in Russia. When Putin invaded Ukraine and Russia became uninvestible, McDonald's had to forfeit those franchises and they took a $1.5 billion balance sheet hit. That's an indirect risk that many investors didn't quite understand they had. They just thought they owned McDonald's, an American company.

Eliminating all such risks would miss out on global exposure and create sectoral imbalances. There's growing interest in screening international indexes to avoid such situations. In March, Westwood launched an ETF using a rules-based methodology to reduce direct and indirect exposure to authoritarian regimes, including China:
 

An older fund with a similar concept, the Freedom 100 Emerging Markets ETF, excludes countries with bad human rights records. It's dominated by Chile, Taiwan, South Korea and Poland, and excludes China. So far this decade, it's beaten the MSCI Emerging Markets index, occasionally lagging when China is doing well:

Ultimately, market dynamics require investors to stay on constant high alert. Glenmede's Jason Pride, in his outlook for the second half, adds that investors shouldn't be lulled into complacency, nor should they be stunned into inaction. As a reminder, trade policy uncertainty remains very high:

For now, there's no need to take big risks in any direction. Rebalancing and diversification, as they always do, make more sense.

Richard Abbey

Survival Tips

Prepare for fireworks. America's 249th birthday party, on the Fourth of July is almost upon us. To get ready, you could try this playlist we made earlier, expertly crowd-sourced by readers. Or you could try Billboard's top 40 July 4 songs. And if you're not celebrating American independence, try at least to enjoy a sunny afternoon.

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